Compared with chemical drugs, peptide are more efficient, safer, and more tolerable, and also have the advantages of higher selectivity and less likely to accumulate in the body.
But the shortcomings of peptides are unstable physically and chemically, easy to be oxidized and hydrolyzed, easy to aggregate, short half-life cycle, fast transit rate, hence affecting the cellular uptake rate. Therefore, most peptides cannot be taken orally. If it is taken orally, it is easily decomposed by gastric acid and enzymes in the stomach and other parts of digestive tract. It is necessary to combine polypeptide crystals with other substance to form polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanospheres to stabilize its active center structure and avoid isomerization, glycosylation or oxidation reactions.
Furthermore, in order to make into oral capsules, the highly biological active polypeptides need to go through further chemical process for modification, and then pack them into capsules for absorption and utilization through enterohepatic circulation, thus the bioavailability is low.
The molecular weight of SMT is relatively small. The peptide map experiment has shown that the molecular weight is (0.5-2.0) × 103Da, and the length is about 7-14AA. It has been proven in vitro anti-oxidative experiments that it has a certain function of scavenging free radicals, thus ensuring the stability of SMT. Under the premise of maximum preservation and active freeze-drying technology, nitrogen gas is added to enhance the preservation further.
In addition, the MTD experiment of SMT through intravenous injection of 100% solution into animals produced no death and abnormality. The result shows that high safety level of SMT. Due to its high solubility, it can be directly absorbed through the mucous membrane, avoiding the first pass effect, and bypassing the gastrointestinal effects that capsule need to experience, thus ensuring maximum bio–availability.
At present, in addition to in vitro DPPH and other anti-oxidative experiments, cell screening experiment also found that SMT has certain neuro-protective and coronary endothelial cell protection effects, providing a theoretical basis for further development and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases such as AD (Alzheimer’s disease) and PD (Parkinson’s disease).
